PHP Source Code Isnt Viewable; Only HTML Code

PHP Source Code Isnt Viewable; Only HTML Code With many websites, you can use your browser or another program to view the documents source code. This is a common occurrence  by viewers who want to see how a website developer accomplished a feature on a website. Anyone can view all the HTML that was used to create the page, but even if the web page contains PHP code, you can only view the HTML code and the results of the PHP code, not the code itself. Why PHP Code Isnt Viewable All PHP scripts are executed on the server before the website is delivered to the site viewer. By the time the data gets to the reader, all that is left is the HTML code. This is why a person cant go to a .php website page, save the file and expect it to work. They can save the HTML and see the results of PHP scripts, which are embedded inside the HTML after the code is executed, but the script itself is safe from curious eyes. Here is a test: The result is  PHP Code Test, but the code that generates it isnt viewable. Although you can see that there must be PHP code at work on the page, when you view the document source, you only see PHP Code Test because the rest is just instructions for the server and is not passed on to the viewer. In this  test scenario, only the text is sent to the users browser. The end user never sees the code.

Evolution of the Fight or Flight Response

Evolution of the Fight or Flight Response The goal of any individual living creature is to ensure the survival of its species into future generations.  It is why individuals reproduce. The whole purpose is to make sure the species continues long after that individual has passed away. If that individuals particular genes also can be passed on and survive into future generations, that is even better for that individual.  That being said, it makes sense that, over time, species have evolved different mechanisms that help make sure that individual will survive long enough to reproduce and pass down its genes to some offspring that will help make sure that the species continues on for years to come. Survival of the Fittest The most basic survival instincts have a very long evolutionary history and many are conserved between species. One such instinct is what is referred to as fight or flight. This mechanism evolved as a way for animals to become aware of any immediate danger and to act in a way that will most likely ensure their survival. Basically, the body is at a peak performance level with sharper than usual senses and an extreme alertness. There are also changes that happen within the bodys metabolism that allow the animal to be ready to either stay and fight the danger or run away in flight from the threat. So what, biologically, is actually happening within the animals body when the fight or flight response has been activated?  It is a part of the autonomic nervous system called the sympathetic division that controls this response. The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that controls all unconscious processes within the body. This would include everything from digesting your food to keeping your blood flowing, to regulating hormones that move from your glands, to various target cells  throughout your body. There are three main divisions of the autonomic nervous system.  The parasympathetic division takes care of the rest and digest responses that happen when you are relaxing. The enteric division of the autonomic nervous system controls many of your reflexes.  The sympathetic division is what kicks in when major stresses, like an immediate threat of danger, are present in your environment. Adrenalines Purpose The hormone called adrenaline is the main one involved in the fight or flight response. Adrenaline is secreted  from  glands on top of your kidneys called the adrenal glands. Some things adrenaline does in the human body include making heart rate and respiration faster, sharpening senses like sight and hearing, and even sometimes stimulating sweat glands.  This prepares the animal for whichever response- either staying and fighting the danger or fleeing away quickly- is the appropriate one in the situation it finds itself in. Evolutionary biologists believe that the fight or flight response was crucial for the survival of many species throughout Geologic Time. The most ancient organisms were thought to have this type of response, even when they lacked the complex brains that many species have today. Many wild animals still use this instinct on a daily basis to make it through their lives. Humans, on the other hand, have evolved beyond that need and use this instinct in a much different way on a daily basis. How Daily Stress Factors Into Fight or Flight Stress, for most humans, has taken on a different definition in modern times than what it means for an animal trying to survive in the wild. Stress for us is related to our jobs, relationships, and health (or lack thereof).  We still use our fight or flight response, just in a different way. For instance, if you have a big presentation to give at work, most likely you will become nervous.  The sympathetic division of your autonomic nervous system has kicked in and you may have sweaty palms, a faster heart rate, and more shallow breathing.  Hopefully, in that case, you would stay to fight and not turn and run out of the room in fear. Once in awhile, you may hear a news story about how a mother lifted a large, heavy object- like a car- off her child. This is also an example of the fight or flight response. Soldiers in a war would also have a more primitive use of their fight or flight response as they try to survive in such horrific circumstances.

Sonoco Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sonoco - Article Example The major contributor was the United States (US) and then Asia and Western Europe. The packaging industry represented consumer packaging as the 70% contributor of revenue and the remaining 30% was through industrial packaging. Due to globalization, the industry was facing challenges along with noticeable growth opportunities. Companies functioning in nations such as the US were shifting their businesses to other countries for cheap labor and were trying to gain profit. The packaging industry exhibited an increase in the market share from 40% to 60%. The packaging industry was changing its business strategy and increasing the level of profit. The changes in the industry were because of the changes in the preferences of the customers in the food and beverages industry. Packaging was now gaining its importance to promote a brand; it had now several versions of the products. Companies were strategizing their approaches by providing better packaging which would help them to advertise thei r product. Several strategies were being formulated to provide different packaging to attract the retailers. The idea of â€Å"One-Stop-Shop† was becoming attractive for the manufactures as they now needed not to depend on several suppliers for their business. With this concept, they were now able to meet their packaging needs with a few suppliers. With the changes in the packaging industr

Social Influence Assignment (Psychology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Influence Assignment (Psychology) - Essay Example nd their respective relationship with the assumption of conforming to society: conformity is directly proportional to the number of confederates or accomplices in the group and it is directly proportional as well to the unanimity of the control group. In truth however Asch hypothesized that the majority would not conform to anything that was obviously wrong and held that â€Å"individuals are not as malleable or submissive as prevailing doctrines maintained† (Friend et.al., 1990, p.31). According to Blass (1998, p. 46), the original focus of Asch’s studies was to study conformity to behavior of greater consequence than judging lengths of line, yet this technique was employed nevertheless because of its correspondence as empirical and statistical data and the convenience in presenting its findings. Thus the experiment was conducted by seating participants, including confederates, in a room and they were asked a variety of questions on lines such as which line matches with another and other comparative questions depicted on a pair of cards. They were all asked to announce their answers out loud and the confederates always recited their answers before the participant who was being studied. At first, the confederates delivered accurate answers but they eventually opted to have wrong answers as per instruction. During the course of the experiment, the two variables as stated earlier, namely the number of confederates and the unanimity of the answers of the group, were gradually changed. Keeping in mind the two choices of the studied participant which was to either act out of his or her own independence, that is to ignore the majority, or to conform, which is to ignore his own senses, the results were as follows: Of the 123 put to the test, in ordinary circumstances individuals matching the lines will make mistakes less than 1 per cent of the time, under group pressure, studied subjects swung to acceptance of the majoritys wrong judgments in 36.8 per cent of the

Housekeeping International Hotels Essay Example for Free

Housekeeping International Hotels Essay Housekeeping Standard Manuals define exactly how a room should be presented to hotel guests. This includes instructions on how the rooms should be cleaned, when they should be cleaned and a list of the things to be included in the rooms. The time of cleaning is very important as early or late cleaning could disturb the guests. Clean and presentable rooms attract and keep guests. This ensures order and smooth running of the hotel as there will be minimal complaints and confusion. These Housekeeping Manuals ensure guests are well treated and get what they are paying for. The manuals offer a guide on how to treat hotel guests and how to ensure they are comfortable during their stay. A quality service ensures good publicity on the part of the hotel management. This ensures the guests keep coming back and even recommend the hotel to friends and family members. Housekeeping Standard Manuals ensure safety and comfort of the guests. The Manuals offer instructions on what to do in case of emergencies and how to safely evacuate the guests. Body According to Diamond Edge (2007), â€Å"The guest is always right. †Housekeeping Manuals ensure that guests receive quality service. The Manuals ensure that guests concerns are dealt with swiftly and with a smile. Many studies have shown that clean rooms and public areas are the most important factors that determine whether the guests will return to the hotel. Clean guest rooms make a difference in the success of the hotel and the comfort of guests. (Diamond Edge 2007) The guests need a providence of all the accommodation products of the hotel, according to their requests. The accommodation products of the hotel include a mini bar, internet, room service and in-house movies. This provides comfort and entertainment for the enjoyment of the guest’s stay. Housekeeping Standard Manuals ensure safety of the guests. According to Andrews, one important quality of a room attendant is an eye for detail. The room attendant has to keep checking the rooms in case a guest is ill and needs urgent medical attention (Andrews 2001: 46). On the other hand, the manuals ensure privacy for the guests. This is usually through â€Å"do not disturb† signs and double locks for the guests. The room attendants have to knock in case they need any information from the guests. This makes the guests feel safe and secure in the hotel. The management includes the General Manager, the Front office manager, Housekeeper and Maintenance Manager. The General Manager assists with Marketing plans, reservations, maintenance and grounds keeping, maintains financial records and implement cost control measures. The Front office manager provides coverage as well as night auditor and desk clerks. To offer a high standard of service, the front office staffs have to understand the needs of their guests. The front office staffs need have a full knowledge of the products which the hotel sells, how these products can be offered for sale and the clients to whom these products will be sold (Huyton, Baker and Bradley 2001:29). The ability of front office staff to handle guest’s problem will either make the guest a friend of the hotel for life or chase him away forever. The front office staffs need to be calm, courteous and helpful and understand what the guest is going through when experiencing any difficulty. (Huyton, Baker and Bradley 2001). The housekeeper assists the room attendants who clean and maintain guest rooms and public areas. The Hotel Management is required to develop a competent staff. Management is required to meet the goals of the organization through the employees. Efficiency depends on how well the employees are motivated and instructed to meet the goals and objectives of the plans the general manager and staff have formulated (Bardi 2006). According to Pizam (2005), Housekeeping is the most important department in the hotel. The Housekeeping Staffs inspect rooms, clean rooms and maintains a continuous supply of linen and cleaning supply inventories. Housekeeping Standard Manuals helps in the thorough training of the room attendants. These Manuals also help executive housekeepers to maintain and control an inventory of all the supplies. Housekeepers are expected to ensure that the rooms are spotlessly clean. Anything less than perfect is unacceptable. (Pizam 2005:321-322). The Housekeeping Staff have to follow all the instructions on the Manuals to ensure compliance with the demands of the hotel requirements. Room attendants work in compliance with standard operating procedures that may specify as many as sixty items that must meet a given standard in each guest room (Rutherford and O’Fallon 2006:184). The Manuals enable them to give quality service to guests. It guides them on how to attend to guests and thus ensure guest satisfaction. The housekeeping report is useful to the housekeeping staff as it determines which rooms need to be cleaned, which rooms are occupied and which need special attention. The room attendants need to follow the Housekeeping Standard Manuals instructions on keeping an eye on the guests. This ensures safety of the guests and security on the part of the management. Not all the guests are honest and have good intentions. Some guests could pose danger on the name of the hotel or cause the hotel to loose a lot of money. These include guests who may slip out without paying or guests who may pose danger to other guests through misconduct. Summary The importance of Housekeeping Standard Manuals and the effect they have on guests, Hotel Management and Housekeeping staff has been analysed. Housekeeping Standard Manuals take a lot of time and money but their usefulness is worth so much more. The needs of the guests are so many that they cannot be remembered by either the hotel management or the housekeeping staff. The Manuals makes it easier for the housekeeping staff to provide quality service to the guest without having to worry about forgetting something. The Manuals also make it easier for inspectors and managers to confirm that the room is presentable and everything has been provided for the guest. Housekeeping Manuals have a positive outcome on the guests in that these Manuals keep them coming back. The clean and well presented rooms contribute a lot to the good publicity of the hotel. Guests love clean rooms and other offers like accommodation products which make them feel comfortable and at home. Hotel General Managers use these Manuals to run the Hotel smoothly. These instructions make their work easy because these Manuals are a direct guide on how everything should be presented. There are also guides on steps to take during emergencies and how to address the problems of the guests. The General Manager has to only check with the other Managers once in a while to ensure that everything is running smoothly. The Housekeeping Manuals are most important to the Housekeeping staff. They guide them on the rooms to clean, what to use during cleaning and when to clean the rooms. They also give the exact details on what to include in the rooms and how to present these products to the guests. This helps them to offer quality service to guests and to know how to deal with guests in case of difficulties.

Huckleberry Finn and The Modern Classroom :: essays papers

Huckleberry Finn and The Modern Classroom Mark Twain’s story The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is a racist, immoral book that should not be taught in American High Schools. As a children’s story, Finn is an exciting tale of a boy and a runaway slave riding a raft to freedom. As a book to be taught to 16-year-old English students, it is a novel that incorporates serious racist issues conveniently hidden among it’s many scattered plots. From the beginning we are warned â€Å"persons attempting to find a plot will be shot,†(Notice) suggesting that, as analyzing novels is a central theme in English classrooms, Finn may not be the best choice. The protagonist, Huckleberry Finn, is a 14-year-old white boy growing up in Missouri, who lives his life running away from his problems, lying to everyone, stealing, and using everyone he comes across. He fakes his own death very convincingly, and all with the cool, level-headedness not akin to young boys. â€Å"Well, next I took an old sack and put a lot of big rocks in it, -all I could drag,-and I started it from the pig and dragged it to the door and through the woods down to the river and dumped it in, and down it sunk, out of sight. You could easy see that something had been dragged over the ground. I did wish Tom Sawyer was there, I knowed he would take an interest in this kind of business, and throw in the fancy touches. Nobody could spread himself like Tom Sawyer in such a thing as that.†(Ch. 7) This character isn’t probably what the youth of America needs to be learning about. His ability to remorselessly lie to people to get what he wants, is a frightening characteristic, which isn’t one that should be taught to impressionable students. He has taken the pretense of his own death and, in his mine, placed it in the category of the imaginary robbers and thieves games he used to play with Tom Sawyer. Huck’s companion on his trip down the river is Jim, an uneducated adult, black slave who has run away hoping to make it to a free state. The way that Huck treats Jim at times, lying to him or belittling him is racist and wrong.

Mary Shelley

Why it is a Classic Mary Shelley was one of the most famous and greatest writers of the early 1800s. She wrote many great novels and short stories that could be considered classics, such as Frankenstein and â€Å"The Invisible Girl†. A classic is not just any average novel or short story; to be a classic it must have good use of literary elements, along with a new and different idea for a plot. Mary Shelley uses literary elements in a special way that makes her a classic writer. There are many great pieces of classic writing by Mary Shelley.Frankenstein, one of her best works, is a classic, because she uses suspense, psychological aspects, and tone to create a masterpiece. One of the many things that sets Frankenstein and Mary Shelley apart from others; is her excellent ability to create a mood. In Frankenstein she creates a mysterious and suspenseful mood that really captures the reader’s attention. In the novel Victor says â€Å"It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open;†(Ch. ,pg 41) this quote from the novel creates a scary and intense mood. Not only does Mary Shelley show her ability to create a mood in Frankenstein, but also in the short story â€Å"The Invisible Girl†. The excellent ability of Mary Shelley to create a mood, in a story or novel is one of the many things that make Frankenstein a classic novel. Mary Shelley also uses suspense and foreshadowing in her writings to keep the reader involved. The monster in Frankenstein tells Victor â€Å"I shall be with you on your wedding-night. †(Ch. 20); this is a great example of foreshadowing.When the monster tells Victor this, it becomes obvious that something bad is going to happen and it keeps the reader guessing what it will be, while sending a shiver of terror through their body. Mary Shelley use s the element of suspense a lot in the novel Frankenstein; the reader will always be wandering who will be the monsters next victim and how Victor will react. The use of foreshadowing and suspense in Frankenstein are two things that make it a classic. Frankenstein is also a very unique story and has some psychological aspects to it.The plot of the novel seems to be ahead of its time, it could be called one of the first science fiction novels. Mary Shelley’s idea of someone creating life was very unique for the 1800’s time period. Plots that involved science fiction did not seem to be as popular until technology became more modern; but this is one of the things that make Frankenstein a classic, it was ahead of its time. Frankenstein is also a psychological novel in some ways. It can show the reader that there can be a monster in anyone, although it does not have to be a physical monster.Although Victor is not physically a monster, he becomes a monster mentally; he becom es insane and enraged by the monster that killed his friends and family. The psychological aspects and how unique Frankenstein is, are reasons why it is a classic. There are many elements about Frankenstein that make it one of the best classic novels of all time. Mary Shelley was a master of using literary elements to create a classic. Not just anyone can write a classic novel; it must be something different and skillfully written.She did a wonderful job of creating suspense using foreshadowing throughout the novel. Also one of the biggest things that make this novel a classic is how unique and ahead of its time it was during the 1800s. Frankenstein will be one of the best classic novels for many years to come. ? Works Cited Merriman, C. D. â€Å"Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. † – Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss. Jalic Inc. , 2006. Web. 8 May 2012. . Mould, Chris, and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. Frankenstein. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997. Print.

Compound Crusher with Substantial Efficiency Satisfies

China's economic climate and continuous exploitation of mineral assets, compound crusher has acquired far better improvement. SUB Mining Machinery Co. , Ltd. Is often a incredibly strong enterprise, our artificial sand making machine, excellent traits and cost-performance stands out in fierce industry competition, and that is broadly recognized through the industry. The elements influencing manufacturing efficiency of compound crusher are a variety of, of which one of the most vital elements are hardness, humidity, viscosity ND ingredient.Elements with higher harness have bigger abrasion of tools, which also lower crushing means and crushing velocity of gear at the same time. Meanwhile, production efficiency of products with wonderful humidity, viscosity and more fine powder articles is lower. Moreover, the larger necessities of fineness of crushed materials are, the reduced the crushing efficiency is. Reliable excellent, excellent overall performance, state-of-the-art engineering, r easonable structure and good wear-resistance are also the important thing aspects affecting production efficiency of compound crusher.Market place competitors Is Increasingly fierce, so, the compound crusher ought to continuously strengthen Itself to satisfy production demands. One of the most outstanding traits of compound crusher are sensible framework, reduced operational cost, high crushing efficiency, power conservation, dual perform of coarse and fine crushing, low noise and so forth. It might crush elements with higher hardness, to not mention elements with small hardness. Crushing and screening equipment application Is comparatively affordable and scientific.When applying compound crusher, take note of adjustment and mastering of crushing force. You'd better decide on a proper crushing force for each kind of supplies. , consequently realizing selective crushing. Along with Improvement and Improvement of science and technologies, financial construction puts forward higher nec essities on automation degree of mining equipment. Hence, mining enterprises must constantly Inject new technologies, accelerate upgrading of products and make Improvements to core competitiveness. Grinding media balls priceAt current, SUB compound crusher Is playing Increasingly more vital part In Infrastructure building. So that you can much better satisfy demand of Infrastructure projects and Industrial manufacturing, compound crusher need to constantly make Improvements to ablest of Independent Investigation and Innovation. Crusher enterprises should generate more crushing machines with valiantly conservation, environmental production and higher efficiency so as to create dilation contributions to environmental safety undertakings. Http:// Compound Crusher with Substantial Efficiency Satisfies Production DemandBy Livingston Market place competitors is increasingly fierce, so, the compound crusher ought to continuously strengthen itself to satisfy production demands. One of the m ost application is comparatively affordable and scientific. When applying compound decide on a proper crushing force for each kind of supplies. , consequently realizing selective crushing. Along with improvement and improvement of science and degree of mining equipment. Hence, mining enterprises must constantly inject new technologies, accelerate upgrading of products and make improvements to coreAt current, SUB compound crusher is playing increasingly more vital part in infrastructure building. So that you can much better satisfy demand of infrastructure projects and industrial manufacturing, compound crusher need to constantly make improvements to abilities of independent investigation and innovation. Crusher enterprises should generate more crushing machines with vitality conservation, environmental production and higher efficiency so as to create additional www. Heterogeneous. Com/pro]etc/artificial-sand-making-machine. HTML

Command Economy Definition, Characteristics, Pros and Cons

Command Economy Definition, Characteristics, Pros and Cons In a command economy (also known as a centrally planned economy), the central government controls all major aspects of a nations economy and production. The government, rather than the traditional free market economy laws of supply and demand, mandates which goods and services will be produced and how they will be distributed and sold. The theory of a command economy was defined by Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto as â€Å"common ownership of the means of production,† and it became a typical characteristic of communist governments. Key Takeaways: Command Economy A command economy- or centrally planned economy- is a system in which the government controls all facets of the nation’s economy. All businesses and housing are owned and controlled by the government.In a command economy, the government determines what goods and services will be produced and how they will be sold according to a multi-year central macroeconomic plan.In nations with command economies, health care, housing, and education are usually free, but the peoples’ incomes are controlled by the government and private investment is rarely allowed.In the Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx defined command economy as â€Å"common ownership of the means of production.†While command economies are typical of both communism and socialism, the two political ideologies apply them differently. While command economies are capable of rapidly making sweeping changes in a country’s economy and society, their inherent risks, such as overproduction and stifling of innovation, have driven many long-time command economies like Russia and China to incorporate free market practices in order to better compete in the global marketplace. Command Economy Characteristics In a command economy, the government has a multi-year central macroeconomic plan which sets objectives like nationwide employment rates and what the government-owned industries will produce. The government enacts laws and regulations to implement and enforce its economic plan. For example, the central plan dictates how all of the country’s resources- financial, human, and natural- are to be allocated. With the goal of eliminating unemployment, the central plan promises to use the nation’s human capital to its highest potential. However, industries must adhere to the plan’s overall hiring targets. Potential monopoly industries such as utilities, banking, and transportation are owned by the government and no competition is allowed within those sectors. In this manner, monopoly prevention measures such as anti-trust laws are unnecessary.   The government owns most, if not all of the country’s industries that produce goods or services. It may also set market prices and provide consumers with some necessities, including health care, housing, and education.   In more tightly-controlled command economies, the government imposes limits on individual income. Command Economy Examples Globalization and financial pressure have led many former command economies to change their practices and economic model, but a few countries remain faithful to the principles of command economy, such as Cuba and North Korea. Cuba Under Raul Castro, Fidel Castro’s brother, most Cuban industries remain owned and operated by the communist government. While unemployment is virtually nonexistent, the average monthly salary is less than $20 USD. Housing and health care are free, but all of the homes and hospitals are owned by the government. Since the former Soviet Union stopped subsidizing Cuba’s economy in 1990, the Castro government has gradually incorporated some free-market policies in an effort to stimulate growth. North Korean currency, featuring Kim Il-Sung, DPKRs first leader. johan10 / Getty Images North Korea The command economic philosophy of this secretive communist nation focuses on meeting the needs of its people. For example, by owning all of the homes and setting their prices accordingly, the government keeps the cost of housing low. Similarly, health care and education in government-operated hospitals and schools are free. However, with the lack of competition leaving them little reason to improve or innovate, the government-owned industries operate inefficiently. Overcrowded transportation facilities and long waits for health care are typical. Finally, with their incomes strictly controlled by the government, the people have no avenue for building wealth. Pros and Cons Some advantages of a command economy include: They can move quickly. Controlled by the government itself, industries can complete massive projects without politically motivated delays and fears of private lawsuits.Since jobs and hiring are regulated by the government, unemployment is consistently minimal and mass unemployment is rare.Government ownership of industries can prevent monopolies and their inherent abusive market practices, such as price gouging and deceptive advertising.They can quickly respond to fill critical societal needs such as health care, housing, and education, which are typically made available at little or no charge. Disadvantages of a command economy include: Command economies breed governments which limit the rights of individuals to pursue their personal financial goals.Due to their lack of free-market competition, command economies discourage innovation. Industry leaders are rewarded for following government directives rather than for creating new products and solutions.Since their economic plans are unable to respond to changing consumer needs in a timely manner, command economies often suffer from over and under production resulting in shortages and wasteful surpluses.They encourage â€Å"black markets† that illegally make and sell products not produced by the command economy. Communist Command Economy vs. Socialist Command Economy While command economies are typical of both communism and socialism, the two political ideologies apply them differently. Both forms of government own and control most industries and production, but socialist command economies do not attempt to control the peoples’ own labor. Instead, the people are free to work as they wish based on their qualifications. Similarly, businesses are free to hire the best-qualified workers, rather than having workers assigned to them based on the central economic plan. In this manner, socialist command economies encourage a higher level of worker participation and innovation. Today, Sweden is an example of a nation using a socialist command economy. Sources and Further Reference â€Å"Command Economy.† Investopedia (March 2018)Bon, Kristoffer G.; Gabnay, Roberto M. editors. â€Å"Economics: Its Concepts Principles.† 2007. Rex Book Store. ISBN 9712346927, 9789712346927Grossman, Gregory (1987): â€Å"Command economy.† The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave MacmillanEllman, Michael (2014). â€Å".†Socialist Planning Cambridge University Press; 3rd edition. ISBN 1107427320

Answers to Questions About Commas #4

Answers to Questions About Commas #4 Answers to Questions About Commas #4 Answers to Questions About Commas #4 By Mark Nichol Here are several questions about punctuation from DailyWritingTips.com readers, including two about too, and my responses. 1. I was taught to always put a comma before the word too. I realize this is a technical part of punctuation, but I see several instances where no comma precedes too. Is there an absolute rule for this, or are there times when the comma isn’t necessary? A trend toward open punctuation, a minimalist approach to commas that includes omitting punctuation before too, has prevailed in informal writing for some time. However, I support closed punctuation and advise always retaining the comma to set off too, regardless of the degree of formality of the prose. 2. Should you place a comma before too when it’s at the end of a sentence? â€Å"He decided to go, too,† or â€Å"He decided to go too†? Does it depend on the context of too? Some writing handbooks advise that inserting the comma in such sentences is optional; it’s necessary only to signal emphasis. But in that case, it would be better to state, â€Å"He, too, decided to go.† When too is at the end of the sentence, a comma to signal emphasis might be inserted when the word indicates an additional action or thought, rather than a similar one: â€Å"He watched her jump, and he jumped too,† but â€Å"He decided to hop and skip. He jumped, too.† But these distinctions, I think, are too complicated. My solution is to always insert the comma. 3. In the sentence â€Å"The subdimensions that were measured were accessibility and responsiveness and security,† responsiveness and security go together. How should I punctuate it to give clarity to the reader? Here are several options to clarify the subdimensions; I prefer the third one, which is more direct and concise, is in active voice, and omits intrusive punctuation or numeration: a) â€Å"The subdimensions that were measured were accessibility, and responsiveness and security.† b) â€Å"The subdimensions that were measured were 1) accessibility and 2) responsiveness and security.† c) â€Å"The test measured accessibility, as well as responsiveness and security.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?How to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksWood vs. Wooden

Enforcement of International Law Annotated Bibliography

Enforcement of International Law - Annotated Bibliography Example This is in accord with the power of these judicial bodies to fully enforce the law and impose sanctions among the members States which do not comply faithfully comply with their obligations, such as those contained in the treaty stipulations and multilateral agreements. The modern armed conflicts being faced by these law-enforcement bodies, together with the causes and prevention of conflict among states, conflict resolution and team building are given emphasis to ensure that international laws are strictly implemented. Barker, J. C. (2004). Mechanisms to Create and Support Conventions, Treaties and Other Responses. The Enforcement of International Law. Retrieved on, April 12, 2011, from This online website contains a system of collective enforcement that was designed to ensure that the member States do not need to resort to power and force to implement the laws, except in cases of extreme circumstances of self-defense. The collective enforcement system envisages the role of the UN Security Council in the maintenance of international peace and security within the international community. International Law Enforcement Law Reporter. Retrieved on, April 12, 2011, from, . This website is a source of identified and predicted trends in the legislative, administrative, and the case law development dealing with the enforcement of international law. Meaningful discussions are annotated to enable practitioners, policy makers and academics to the website are given reference tools and guidelines to the practice of international law enforcement. It contains information on international organizations and developments in international enforcement law that have not reached the treaty or case law level, such as executive decisions in training and appropriations. Kalshoven, Frits. (2007). Reflections on the War: Collected Essays. The Netherlands. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book focuses on the importance of the will of the States in determining whether existing international obligations will be respected in the development and acceptance of new customary or conventional rules of international law, which involves the interest of the member States. The process of decision making of States in question should result in the respect of international obligations and good faith on the part of the decision makers of the international community should work for the common good. Kelsen, H. (2003). Principles of International Law. New Jersey, USA: The LawBook Exchange, Inc. This book presents the international mechanisms which have assisted in the enforcement of international law, such as the power conferred upon each state of taking certain enforcement rights, which have the character of reprisals of limited interference in the sphere of interests of another state , in case certain interests of the former are violated by the latter. It presents that the States also exercise rights of enforcement of State sovereignty where in the interest of the state are threatened by aggression which results in the exercise of self-defense. Thus, international law makes these violations fall under international delicts which have corresponding penalties and sancti ons to serve as a preventive measures in resolving potential conflicts. Kelsen, Hans. (2000 ). The Law of the United Nations. A Critical Analysis of its Fundamental Problems. New Jersey, USA: The LawBook Exchange, Inc. This book is essential to this research as it provides a juristic approach to the problems of the United Nations, which deals with the law of the organization, not with